	Explanation	Examples	Key Terms
Definition	DBMS manages data as files. RDBMS organizes data into related tables.	DBMS manages data as files. RDBMS organises data into related tables.	Database, Relational Database
Data Structure	Data is stored as files or objects.	File-based systems	Files, Hierarchies
	Data is stored in structured tables with rows and columns.	MySQL, PostgreSQL	Tables, Rows, Columns, Schema
Relationships	No support for data relationships (no keys).	Separate files	Relationships not enforced
	Supports relationships with keys (primary/foreign keys).	Employee-Department in SQL	Primary Key, Foreign Key
Data Integrity	Does not guarantee integrity constraints like uniqueness.	Manual checks required	Data Integrity, Validation Rules
	Enforces data integrity using constraints (like `NOT NULL`).	UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY constraints	Constraints, ACID
Data Accessibility	Accessing data requires complex custom queries or manual work.	Manually navigating files	Low Scalability
	Data is accessible with SQL queries, making it easier and faster.	`SELECT * FROM table_name;`	SQL, Query
Multi-User Support	Limited multi-user support or requires manual effort to avoid conflicts.	Single-user systems like MS Access	Concurrency
	Handles multiple users efficiently with transaction support.	Bank databases with many users	Transaction, Concurrency Control
Scalability	Less scalable for large datasets or complex applications.	Personal data systems	Scalability, Performance
	Highly scalable for large, dynamic applications.	E-commerce, social media	Horizontal Scaling
ACID Compliance	Lacks ACID compliance (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).	No automatic rollback or recovery	ACID
	Fully ACID-compliant, ensuring reliable transactions.	Banking systems	Transactions, Durability
Security	Basic security features like user authentication.	File-level access controls	Authentication
	Advanced security features like roles, privileges, and encryption.	Database roles, user privileges	Role-based Security
Best Use Case	For smaller, less complex applications.	Personal data, small businesses	Lightweight, Simplicity
	For large, complex, and data-intensive applications.	Banking, enterprise apps	Enterprise, Scalability

✅ DBMS vs RDBMS – Complete MCQ Set (Most Important for Exams)

Section A: Basic Differences (Most Asked)

1. DBMS stands for:

A. Data Base Maintenance System
B. Data Base Management System
C. Data Based Monitoring System
D. Data Backup Management System
Answer: B

2. RDBMS stands for:

A. Relational Data Management Software
B. Relational Database Management System
C. Relative Database Management System
D. Relational Data Monitoring System
Answer: B

3. The “R” in RDBMS refers to:

A. Reliable
B. Relational
C. Restricted
D. Resource
Answer: B

4. DBMS stores data in:

A. Tables
B. Files
C. Graphs
D. Key-value pairs only
Answer: B

5. RDBMS stores data in:

A. Files
B. Hierarchies
C. Tables (Relations)
D. Blocks
Answer: C

6. Which of the following supports relationships between tables?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Both
D. None
Answer: B

7. Primary Key is supported in:

A. DBMS only
B. RDBMS only
C. Both
D. None
Answer: B

8. DBMS uses __________ to store data.

A. Normalized tables
B. Record-oriented files
C. Object schema
D. Cubes
Answer: B

9. RDBMS follows the concept of:

A. Codd’s Rules
B. ACID Rules only
C. Hierarchy Rules
D. No established rules
Answer: A

10. Which supports ACID properties?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Neither
D. Both
Answer: B

Section B: Keys, Constraints & Integrity (Frequently Asked)

11. Entity Integrity is supported by:

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. None
D. Both
Answer: B

12. Referential Integrity ensures:

A. Unique values
B. Valid foreign keys
C. Faster queries
D. More storage
Answer: B

13. Which system enforces Foreign Keys?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Neither
D. File systems only
Answer: B

14. Constraints such as CHECK, UNIQUE, NOT NULL are part of:

A. DBMS only
B. RDBMS only
C. File system
D. Non-relational DB only
Answer: B

15. RDBMS allows ________ between tables.

A. One-to-many
B. Many-to-many
C. One-to-one
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Section C: Architecture & Transactions

16. Which supports multi-user environment?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Spreadsheet
D. Word processor
Answer: B

17. Concurrency control is part of:

A. RDBMS
B. DBMS
C. Operating System
D. Compiler
Answer: A

18. In DBMS, data redundancy is usually:

A. Low
B. High
C. Zero
D. Auto-managed
Answer: B

19. RDBMS reduces redundancy using:

A. Caching
B. Normalization
C. Indexing
D. Locking
Answer: B

20. DBMS generally does NOT support:

A. Transactions
B. Distributed database
C. Concurrency control
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Section D: Normalization & Design

21. Normalization is a concept of:

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. OS
D. Cloud
Answer: B

22. Normal forms help in:

A. Reducing redundancy
B. Improving performance
C. Enhancing UI
D. Encryption
Answer: A

23. First Normal Form removes:

A. Partial dependency
B. Multi-valued attributes
C. Transitive dependency
D. Joins
Answer: B

24. Which system uses Normal Forms extensively?

A. File systems
B. DBMS
C. RDBMS
D. Browser
Answer: C

Section E: Security, Access & Management

25. Which provides role-based access?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. File Explorer
D. RAM
Answer: B

26. RDBMS has built-in:

A. Encryption
B. Authorization
C. Authentication
D. All of the above
Answer: D

27. Which supports better backup & recovery?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Not supported
D. Manual only
Answer: B

Section F: Examples

28. Which of the following is a DBMS?

A. MySQL
B. Oracle
C. MS Access (old versions)
D. SQLite
Answer: C

29. Which of the following is an RDBMS?

A. MySQL
B. PostgreSQL
C. Oracle
D. All of the above
Answer: D

30. FoxPro is a:

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. OS
D. Query language
Answer: A

31. SQL Server is an example of:

A. File system
B. RDBMS
C. DBMS
D. Compiler
Answer: B

32. dBase is a:

A. RDBMS
B. DBMS
C. NoSQL
D. Spreadsheet
Answer: B

Section G: Codd’s Rules

33. Codd proposed:

A. 10 rules
B. 12 rules
C. 20 rules
D. 3 rules
Answer: B

34. Which rule deals with “Guaranteed access”?

A. Rule 1
B. Rule 3
C. Rule 0
D. Rule 12
Answer: A

35. RDBMS that fully follows all rules is called:

A. Complete
B. Fully relational
C. ACID compliant
D. Normalized DB
Answer: B

Section H: Query Handling

36. RDBMS uses which language?

A. HTML
B. SQL
C. C++
D. Assembly
Answer: B

37. Which query is possible in RDBMS but not DBMS?

A. Join
B. Update
C. Delete
D. Insert
Answer: A

38. Which of the following is NOT a feature of DBMS?

A. Indexing
B. Relationship management
C. Data redundancy
D. File-based storage
Answer: B

Section I: Joins & Relationships

39. Foreign key creates a relationship between:

A. Two databases
B. Two tables
C. Two applications
D. Columns of same table only
Answer: B

40. Which join returns common rows?

A. Left
B. Right
C. Inner
D. Full
Answer: C

41. Which system allows JOIN operations?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Both
D. None
Answer: B

Section J: True or False

42. RDBMS stores data in relations.

True / False
Answer: True

43. DBMS supports distributed databases.

True / False
Answer: False

44. RDBMS reduces redundancy.

True / False
Answer: True

45. DBMS supports strong security.

True / False
Answer: False

Section K: High-Value Mixed Questions

46. Which system supports client-server architecture?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. Spreadsheet
D. File manager
Answer: B

47. Which is slower in handling large data?

A. RDBMS
B. DBMS
C. NoSQL
D. Cloud DB
Answer: B

48. RDBMS uses _______ to ensure data accuracy.

A. Redundancy
B. Constraints
C. Copying
D. Partitioning
Answer: B

49. The smallest unit in RDBMS is:

A. Byte
B. Field
C. Cell
D. Table
Answer: C

50. RDBMS is best suited for:

A. Unstructured data
B. Hierarchical data
C. Structured data
D. Temporary files
Answer: C

✔️ More Additional MCQs

51. RDBMS supports distributed database transaction using:

A. 2-phase commit
B. 3-phase commit
C. Both
D. None
Answer: C

52. In RDBMS, relation refers to:

A. Column
B. Row
C. Table
D. Primary key
Answer: C

53. In DBMS, data inconsistency is usually:

A. Lower
B. Higher
C. Constant
D. Automatic
Answer: B

54. Which supports multi-table relationships?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
C. None
Answer: B

55. Which is more suitable for banking systems?

A. DBMS
B. RDBMS
Answer: B

DBMS Vs RDBMS

Section A: Basic Differences (Most Asked)

1. DBMS stands for:

2. RDBMS stands for:

3. The “R” in RDBMS refers to:

4. DBMS stores data in:

5. RDBMS stores data in:

6. Which of the following supports relationships between tables?

7. Primary Key is supported in:

8. DBMS uses __________ to store data.

9. RDBMS follows the concept of:

10. Which supports ACID properties?

Section B: Keys, Constraints & Integrity (Frequently Asked)

11. Entity Integrity is supported by:

12. Referential Integrity ensures:

13. Which system enforces Foreign Keys?

14. Constraints such as CHECK, UNIQUE, NOT NULL are part of:

15. RDBMS allows ________ between tables.

Section C: Architecture & Transactions

16. Which supports multi-user environment?

17. Concurrency control is part of:

18. In DBMS, data redundancy is usually:

19. RDBMS reduces redundancy using:

20. DBMS generally does NOT support:

Section D: Normalization & Design

21. Normalization is a concept of:

22. Normal forms help in:

23. First Normal Form removes:

24. Which system uses Normal Forms extensively?

Section E: Security, Access & Management

25. Which provides role-based access?

26. RDBMS has built-in:

27. Which supports better backup & recovery?

Section F: Examples

28. Which of the following is a DBMS?

29. Which of the following is an RDBMS?

30. FoxPro is a:

31. SQL Server is an example of:

32. dBase is a:

Section G: Codd’s Rules

33. Codd proposed:

34. Which rule deals with “Guaranteed access”?

35. RDBMS that fully follows all rules is called:

Section H: Query Handling

36. RDBMS uses which language?

37. Which query is possible in RDBMS but not DBMS?

38. Which of the following is NOT a feature of DBMS?

Section I: Joins & Relationships

39. Foreign key creates a relationship between:

40. Which join returns common rows?

41. Which system allows JOIN operations?

Section J: True or False

42. RDBMS stores data in relations.

43. DBMS supports distributed databases.

44. RDBMS reduces redundancy.

45. DBMS supports strong security.

Section K: High-Value Mixed Questions

46. Which system supports client-server architecture?

47. Which is slower in handling large data?

48. RDBMS uses _______ to ensure data accuracy.

49. The smallest unit in RDBMS is:

50. RDBMS is best suited for:

✔️ More Additional MCQs

51. RDBMS supports distributed database transaction using:

52. In RDBMS, relation refers to:

53. In DBMS, data inconsistency is usually:

54. Which supports multi-table relationships?

55. Which is more suitable for banking systems?